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Frank Lloyd Wright

American architect (1867–1959)

Frank Lloyd Wright Sr. (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works and mentoring hundreds of apprentices in his Taliesin Fellowship.^[1]^[2] Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was exemplified in Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture".^[3]

Wright was a pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his vision for urban planning in the United States. He also designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other commercial projects. Wright-designed interi

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Frank Lloyd Wright remains America’s most original, influential, and significant architect. His works are more popular today, more than a century after he began his practice in 1893 and more than 40 years after his death, than they were at any time during his lifetime. During his 72-year career, Wright designed more than 600 built works and 600 unbuilt projects, employing an astonishing range of forms and methods, yet he always described his life’s work as being one singular effort, emphasizing the fundamental and unchanging ordering principles that consistently determined his work from beginning to end.

The first of these fundamental ordering principles, and by far the most important, was the primacy of the space of inhabitation, which he called “the space within.” Wright’s concepts for architectural space evolved first in his designs for interior spaces and were only later projected or expressed in the exterior forms. For Wright, the spatial composition must be determined by the experience of the inhabitants and not by some precon

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In an effort to redefine American architecture, he resolutely moved away from European models that had set the standard up until that time. He lowered overall heights, eliminated basements (where possible) and attics, and broke up the common box-like Victorian rooms by removing unnecessary interior partitions, introducing free-flowing interior spaces and walls of art glass he called “light screens.” In the 1910s, he attempted to move both his life and his art in a new direction. He abandoned not only the simplicity of his earlier work for greater ornamentation as seen in Chicago’s Midway Gardens and Tokyo’s Imperial Hotel—both now demolished—but the comfort of conventional family life as well. Late in 1909 he left his wife and six children, traveling to Europe with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, a former client, as his companion.

Ostracized upon their return to the United States in 1911, Wright began building Taliesin, near Spring Green, Wisconsin as a home for the two of them. What domestic bliss they may have found here was short-lived, however. In August of 1914, while Wright himself